What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

The monomers of carbohydrates are called monosaccharides.

• Definition: Monosaccharides are the simplest form of sugar and the basic building blocks of all carbohydrates.

• Structure: They are typically colorless, water-soluble, crystalline solids. Monosaccharides generally have the chemical formula (CH₂O)ₙ, where n is 3 or greater.

• Examples: Common examples include:

  • Glucose (also known as dextrose)
  • Fructose (found in fruits)
  • Galactose

• Classification: Monosaccharides are classified based on:

  • The number of carbon atoms:
    • Triose (3 carbons)
    • Tetrose (4 carbons)
    • Pentose (5 carbons) - e.g., Ribose, Deoxyribose
    • Hexose (6 carbons) - e.g., Glucose, Fructose, Galactose
  • The type of carbonyl group:
    • Aldose (contains an aldehyde group)
    • Ketose (contains a ketone group)

• Function: Monosaccharides serve as:

  • A primary source of energy for cells.
  • Building blocks for larger carbohydrates like disaccharides and polysaccharides.